Details About Corona virus disease
A coronavirus disease (COVID /ˈkoʊvɪd, ˈkɒvɪd/),[3][4][5] coronavirus respiratory syndrome, coronavirus pneumonia, coronavirus flu, or any other variant, is a disease caused by members of the coronavirus (CoV) family.
Coronaviruses cause different coronavirus diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS),[6] and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).[7] Some strains of coronaviruses can also cause the common cold.[8][9][10][11]
The 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, caused by COVID-19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.[12] Local transmission of the disease has been recorded in many countries across all six WHO regions.[13] COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.[7] SARS-CoV-2 is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Etymology[edit]
Corona is derived from Latin corōna, meaning "crown, garland";[14] Virus also comes from Latin, where it means "slimy liquid" or "poison".[15]
[edit]
Coronavirus disease was first discovered in humans in the 1930s.[16] The virus, Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) was first isolated in 1965.[16] A further three coronaviridae were identified in humans, these being human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1).[16] HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are Alphacoronavirus (α-CoV or Alpha-CoV),[17] while HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV are Betacoronavirus (β-CoV or Beta-CoV).[17]
In November 2002 an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was discovered. This disease originated in China and subsequently spread to Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Canada.
A new coronavirus was identified in 2012 with a SARS like illness, called the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV resulted in a limited number of outbreaks, mostly in Saudi Arabia and other middle eastern countries.
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (nCoV) was identified in Wuhan, China, which was isolated on 7 January 2020.[18] The World Health Organisation recommended the interim name of the disease as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease (2019-nCoV ARD) and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) as the virus.[19] However, the disease has subsequently been reclassified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),[20] which is closely related to the earlier SARS-CoV and genetically clusters within Betacoronavirus with subgenus Sarbecovirus.[21]
[edit]
| MERS-CoV | SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV-2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | MERS | SARS | COVID-19 |
| Outbreaks | 2012, 2015, 2018 | 2002–2004 | 2019–2020 pandemic |
| Epidemiology | |||
| Date of first identified case | June 2012 | November 2002 | December 2019[22] |
| Location of first identified case | Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | Shunde, China | Wuhan, China |
| Age average | 56 | 44[23][a] | 56[24] |
| Sex ratio (M:F) | 3.3:1 | 0.8:1[25] | 1.6:1[24] |
| Confirmed cases | 2494 | 8096[26] | 17,297,296[27][b] |
| Deaths | 858 | 774[26] | 673,223[27][b] |
| Case fatality rate | 37% | 9.2% | 3.9%[27] |
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever | 98% | 99–100% | 87.9%[28] |
| Dry cough | 47% | 29–75% | 67.7%[28] |
| Dyspnea | 72% | 40–42% | 18.6%[28] |
| Diarrhea | 26% | 20–25% | 3.7%[28] |
| Sore throat | 21% | 13–25% | 13.9%[28] |
| Ventilatory use | 24.5%[29] | 14–20% | 4.1%[30] |
| Notes | |||
A zoonotic disease is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or prion) that has jumped from an animal (usually a vertebrate) to a human.[31] SARS-CoV-2 is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV,[32] although there is evidence that may support a zoonotic origin of HCoV-NL63 too.[33]
SARS[edit]
In 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), led to the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. More than 8,000 people from 29 different countries and territories were infected, and at least 774 died.[34]
MERS[edit]
In 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), was identified.[35]
MERS-CoV is responsible for the 2012 MERS outbreak, primarily in the Middle East, the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea and the 2018 MERS outbreak primarily in Saudi Arabia.
COVID-19[edit]
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which in December 2019 led to a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, which developed into the COVID-19 pandemic.
Diseases in other animals[edit]
Coronaviruses have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in veterinary medicine since the 1930s.[36] They infect a range of animals such as swine, cattle, horses, camels, cats, dogs, rodents, birds, bats, and other wildlife.[37] The majority of animal related coronaviruses infect the intestinal tract and are transmitted by a fecal-oral route.[38]
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